I don’t believe there is a way to directly filter. There is a post about using the Notes field to manually add a “TOTP” note so that you can search
Also, you can see a list of all Verification Codes in the Bitwarden phone apps.
Finally, there is a Custom Item Labels Feature coming soon according to the Roadmap. You could use this feature to manually add a “TOTP” label that I assume would be searchable.
Are any of the above sufficient for your needs? If not, then I guess you should add a Feature Request.